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Dec 1973

Volume 17, Issue 4, pp. 559-665


Falling Sphere Viscometry. I. Wall and Inertial Corrections to Stokes' Law in Long Tubes

J. Lloyd Sutterby

Trans. Soc. Rheol. 17, 559 (1973); http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/1.549308 (15 pages)

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The classical expression for determining viscosity from sphere fall velocity is Stokes' law. Stokes' law applies in the absence of wall and inertial effects. In the usual experimental apparatus there are wall effects and there may be inertial effects. The objective of this paper is to establish a correlation of wall and inertial corrections to Stokes' law in the range appropriate for falling sphere viscometry, and to present this correlation in a manner convenient for application. The desired correlation is presented in Table II and Figure 5 of the text. The new correlation should be useful in determining the viscosity of Newtonian fluids and in determining the zero shear rate viscosity of polymer solutions.
Show PACS
83.85.Jn Viscosity measurements
47.60.-i Flow phenomena in quasi-one-dimensional systems

Falling Sphere Viscometry. II. End Effects in Short Tubes

J. Lloyd Sutterby

Trans. Soc. Rheol. 17, 575 (1973); http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/1.549309 (11 pages)

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Stokes' law for determining viscosity from sphere fall velocity applies in the absence of wall, inertial, and end effects. One objective of this investigation was to establish a criterion for choosing a tube long enough to avoid end effects. The resulting criterion is as follows. For L/D = 2 and d/D<0.125 there are no observable end effects throughout the middle third of the fall tube, even for Re as large as 2. Another objective was to establish a correlation of simultaneous wall and end corrections to Stokes′ law in the absence of inertial effects, for application in short tube viscometry. The desired correlation is presented in Figure 3 and Table I.
Show PACS
83.85.Jn Viscosity measurements
47.60.-i Flow phenomena in quasi-one-dimensional systems

Rheological Properties of Solutions of Butadiene‐Styrene Copolymers of Varying Microstructure

Tadao Kotaka and James L. White

Trans. Soc. Rheol. 17, 587 (1973); http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/1.549310 (29 pages)

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An experimental study of the non‐Newtonian viscosity μ and the principal normal stress difference N1 of solutions of polybutadiene, polystyrene, and their copolymers of varying microstructures has been carried out in decalin, decane, and their mixtures. Decane is a nonsolvent for polystyrene and a poorer solvent for polybutadiene than decalin. For the homopolymers and random copolymers, the viscosity and Weissenberg number (N1/σ12) at a constant shear rate decrease as the nonsolvent is added. For block copolymers, the opposite is observed. This is due to the polystyrene segments precipitating out in poor solvents and forming intermolecular aggregates. The SBS‐block copolymers tend to form viscoelastic gels because a three‐dimensional network with polystyrene crosslinks is formed. The simple SB‐block copolymers show thixotropic behavior with yield stress. This may be explained by the two‐phase structure being in the form of micelles in which the polystyrene aggregate are solubilized by the polybutadiene segments.
Show PACS
83.80.Rs Polymer solutions
83.80.Sg Polymer melts
83.50.-v Deformation and flow

Measurement of Normal Stress by Means of Hole Pressure

Elliot A. Kearsley

Trans. Soc. Rheol. 17, 617 (1973); http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/1.549311 (12 pages)

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A measurement of normal stress differences in a shearing elastic liquid is accomplished through direct measurement of hole pressure. Gravity flow down an inclined channel is used and hole pressure is measured for slots perpendicular and parallel to the flow, as well as for a circular hole. The first and second normal stress differences are calculated under the assumption of second‐order fluid behavior. Dynamic data are compared and a discrepancy noted.
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83.85.Lq Normal stress difference measurements

Theory of Stratified Bicomponent Flow of Polymer Melts. I. Equilibrium Newtonian Tube Flow

A. E. Everage, Jr.

Trans. Soc. Rheol. 17, 629 (1973); http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/1.549312 (18 pages)

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A theoretical and experimental study of the equilibrium interface configuration in stratified bicomponent tube flow of polymer melts is presented. In the theoretical analysis, the principle of minimum viscous dissipation is used to determine the energetically preferred interface configuration for the case of stratified flow of Newtonian fluids of differing viscosity. In the experimental analysis, it is demonstrated that both a nylon‐nylon and a xylene‐sugar water solution system attain the minimum viscous dissipation interface configuration under equilibrium conditions.
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47.55.Hd Stratified flows
83.50.Lh Slip boundary effects (interfacial and free surface flows)
83.80.Rs Polymer solutions
83.80.Sg Polymer melts

Note: A Note on Shear Waves in BKZ Fluids

Martin H. Sadd

Trans. Soc. Rheol. 17, 647 (1973); http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/1.549324 (11 pages)

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Abstract Unavailable
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83.60.Uv Wave propagation, fracture, and crack healing

The Stress Distribution of Polymer Melts in the Exit Region

Chang Dae Han and Leonard H. Drexler

Trans. Soc. Rheol. 17, 659 (1973); http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/1.549325 (7 pages)

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Abstract Unavailable
Show PACS
83.85.Lq Normal stress difference measurements
83.80.Rs Polymer solutions
83.80.Sg Polymer melts
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